Creatine is nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle and nerve cells. Creatine was identified in 1832 when Michel Eugène Chevreul discovered it as a component of skeletal muscle, which he later named creatine after the Greek word for flesh, Kreas.
Generally energy drinks include methylxanthines (including caffeine), B vitamins, and herbs. Other common ingredients are guarana, which has a high caffeine content, taurine, plus various forms of ginseng, maltodextrin, carbonated water, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone and ginkgo biloba. Some contain high levels of sugar, and many brands also offer artificially-sweetened ‘diet’ versions. The central ingredient in most energy drinks is caffeine, the same stimulant found in coffee or tea, often in the form of guarana or yerba mate.
The average 237 milliliter (8 fluid ounce) energy drink has about 80 mg of caffeine, with 480 mL (16 fl. oz.) drinks containing around 150 mg.
Importance of adding Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate in supplements Bodybuilders consume is to help normalize the calcium levels in blood due to the high intake of proteins such as Micellar casein, Whey protein, and other Bodybuilding supplements that contain high amounts of calcium and phosphate. Hyperparathyroidism will cause muscle weakness, muscle loss, and other health issues that will keep a bodybuilder from developing adequate muscles to compete.
Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate has been shown to help patients with Hyperparathyroidism by reducing the elevated levels of the mineral phosphate and calcium in the blood. Phosphate and calcium levels are normally kept in balance by our bodies natural chemistry, but hyperparathyroidism disrupts this control mechanism.
Energy drinks are soft drinks advertised as providing more energy than a typical drink. Although the amount of quantitative ‘energy’ (as measured in calories) in these drinks is often lower than that in regular soft drinks,[1] there is scientific basis for concluding that the non-caffeine elements in these drinks contribute to mental alertness and physical performance.[2]
Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate C5H4CaO5•H2O Is a mineral Calcium in a special form to help normalize concentrations of ordinary calcium in the body. Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate eliminates excess Phosphate in the blood by binding to it and passed into waste. This helps re-establish the balance between calcium and phosphate in your body.
Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate or AAKG is an amino acid derivative commonly marketed as a body building supplement. An intermediate in the metabolism of nitric oxides, no reputable scientific evidence shows any benefits from taking AAKG as a dietary supplement.
“At present, there is no research published in peer-reviewed journals to support the assertion that an increase in nitric oxide levels promotes greater muscle protein synthesis or improves muscle strength. There is also no evidence that the arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in “nitric oxide” supplements have any effect on nitric oxide levels in muscles.”[1]
A typical dosage regimen is 200-600mg orally once a day in the evening, for a 4-6 week cycle.
4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione (also marketed as “6-OXO” or 4-etioallocholen-3,6,17-trione) is a drug or nutritional supplement that may increase the testosterone-estrogen ratio. Its use can be detected in urine.[2] [3]
4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione (4-AT) is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue. [4][5][6] Aromatase is responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Blocking aromatase causes the body to decrease in levels of estradiol, which then results in increase of LH and consequently, testosterone. Since testosterone has myotropic activity and estradiol does not, elevated testosterone levels increase muscle mass. However, there appear to be no human or animal studies testing the hypothesis that 4-AT will produce an anabolic effect.
4-AT is also used by steroid or prohormone users to counteract estrogen level increases caused by aromatization during their steroid cycle. This helps minimize side effects such as gynecomastia but can lead to acne. Also, after a steroid cycle, the compound may be used to shorten the recovery from the testicular suppression that can be the result of the use of steroids.
A recent United States patent application claims an 88% increase in plasma testosterone levels in men, while decreasing estrogen levels by 11%.[7] The subjects took 300mg orally twice a day for four weeks without taking any other drugs or supplements.
Baylor University conducted an eight-week study to determine the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg of 6-OXO in resistance-trained males. Compared to baseline, free testosterone increased by 90% for 300 mg group and 84% for 600 mg group, respectively. Also dihydrotestosterone and the ratio of free testosterone to estradiol increased significantly. [8][9].
In a warning letter dated July 7, 2006, the FDA argues that marketing of 4-AT (aka, 6-OXO) violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and as such products containing it are adulterated by legal definition.
On June 18, 2008, Health Canada issued a warning that 4-AT and 6-OXO had a health risk related to blood clotting and recommended all users immediately cease use.
1,4,6-Androstatrien-3,17-dione (ATD) is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue.[1] It is used to control estrogen synthesis.[2]
ATD is present in some over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements as well as Topical ATD solutions that work transdermally. While not banned, ATD may cause positive urinanalysis results leading to disqualification from competitive sports. ATD has many names in sports supplements including: 1,4,6 etiollochan-dione, 3, 17-keto-etiochol-triene, androst-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione and many others. These all refer to CAS# 633-35-2.